The major glands of the endocrine system are shown. In addition, hormones are slower to take effect, and tend to be longer lasting. Thus, whereas neurotransmitters’ effects are localized, the effects of hormones are widespread. However, unlike neurotransmitters, which are released in close proximity to cells with their receptors, hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body, affecting any cells that contain receptors for them. Like neurotransmitters, hormones are chemical messengers that must bind to a receptor in order to send their signal. The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as hormones.
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